What is... an Oncologist?
- Apex Experts
- 6 days ago
- 2 min read
Updated: 4 days ago
A simple explainer for students, legal professionals, and curious minds
When someone is diagnosed with cancer, one of the first specialists they’re likely to meet is an oncologist. But what exactly does an oncologist do? Are there different types? And what role might they play in legal cases or complex clinical reviews?
In this article, we break it down clearly and accessibly - no jargon, just helpful insights.
What Does “Oncologist” Mean?
The word oncology comes from the Greek onkos, meaning mass or tumour. So, an oncologist is a medical specialist who diagnoses, treats, and manages cancer.
But the role goes far beyond diagnosis. Oncologists are central to developing and coordinating treatment plans, monitoring progress, offering emotional support, and crucially - balancing the benefits and risks of each intervention with patients and families.
The Three Main Types of Oncologists
Oncology is a wide field, and specialists tend to fall into three main categories, depending on the type of treatment they provide.
These doctors specialise in non-surgical cancer treatments, including:
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Targeted therapy
Hormonal therapy
They’re often the central coordinator of a patient’s treatment plan and work closely with other specialists across a multi-disciplinary team (MDT).
2. Clinical Oncologist (UK-specific)
In the UK, clinical oncologists are unique, they are qualified to provide both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This dual role allows them to assess the suitability of combined treatments and tailor the plan accordingly.
These are surgeons who specialise in removing tumours. Depending on the case, they may perform complex cancer resections, lymph node dissections, or reconstructive procedures.
Other sub-specialties include:
Paediatric oncologists – for children with cancer
Haematologists – for blood cancers like leukaemia and lymphoma
Palliative care oncologists – who focus on comfort, quality of life, and symptom management
What Skills and Knowledge Do Oncologists Need?
Oncology is a challenging and emotionally demanding field. Oncologists must:
Understand the biology and behaviour of different cancers
Stay updated on rapidly evolving treatments and clinical trials
Communicate clearly and compassionately with patients and families
Interpret complex imaging and pathology results
Navigate difficult conversations about prognosis and end-of-life care
It’s a field that blends science, strategy, and humanity - often all in one consultation.
Oncologists in the Legal and Medico-Legal World
Oncologists often play key roles in clinical negligence and personal injury cases, especially when cancer is missed, mistreated, or diagnosed late.
Some common medico-legal issues involving oncologists include:
Delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis of cancer (e.g., failing to act on imaging or referral guidelines)
Treatment complications (e.g., chemotherapy toxicity or surgical error)
Causation and prognosis assessments, especially in complex claims involving asbestos exposure, medical error, or failure to inform
In legal settings, oncologists may be asked to act as expert witnesses, reviewing the standard of care and providing opinion on likely outcomes with or without the alleged breach.
Final Thoughts
An oncologist is far more than “a cancer doctor.” They’re strategists, coordinators, communicators, and guides through one of the most difficult journeys a patient can face.
In both clinical and legal contexts, their insight is invaluable. Whether developing life-saving treatment plans or reviewing the complexities of a missed diagnosis, oncologists operate at the intersection of medicine, ethics, and impact.
If you require an Oncologist Expert Witness, get in touch via email at info@apexexperts.co.uk or visit www.apexexperts.co.uk, and let us help you!